Pheromone traps are the primary means of detecting and assessing boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) by the Southeastern Boll Weevil Eradication Program. In the Eradication Trial Evaluation Zone, boll weevils were detected in two fields in 1984 and in three fields in 1985. In 1983, the Eradication Program expanded to include the remainder of the cotton in NC and all of SC. More than five weevils were captured in almost 100% of the cotton fields in the expanded area in 1983. This was reduced to approximately 6% by 1985. Grower applied insecticide use on cotton in NC and SC has declined substantially compared to pre-Eradication Program values.