Resistance management strategies have been studied extensively in various model systems. Most strategies are targeted at reducing selection pressure or eliminating resistant heterozygotes. Strategies can be broadly classified on the basis of use patterns (mixtures, rotations, mosaics), dose (high dose, low dose), and moderation (alternative control measures, integrated pest management). Biological and genetic factors governing the success of these various strategies are often not quantified. Effective resistance management often depends on a preventative rather than a reactive approach. As frequencies of resistant genes increase, the need for effective integrated pest management increases. Under problem situations, rapid adoption of integrated pest management methods may be the only method of effective crop protection. Resistance management is a logical extension of integrated pest management.