ABSTRACT
Pyrethroid insecticides were first tested on U.S. cotton in 1974, then initially introduced commercially under a "Section 18" program in 1977 and 1978, specifically for emergency use to control the tobacco budworm/bollworm complex. Pyrethroid resistance in tobacco budworm associated with control failures in the field was first documented in Texas in 1985. By 1992, serious control problems resulting from tobacco budworm resistance to pyrethroids and all other available insecticides were being experienced in some parts of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi. To date, no significant resistance to pyrethroids has been detected in bollworms.
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