Boll weevil pheromone traps have been utilized for a number of years to study patterns of boll weevil emergence from overwintering habitats. The numbers of boll weevils responding to pheromone traps have been used to develop relatively definitive treatment thresholds in Texas. However more research is needed to define treatment thresholds in other cotton production areas. Additionally, data are needed to relate numbers of weevils responding to traps in early season with subsequent weevil population density and crop damage. These data would allow development of true economic injury levels and economic thresholds based on catches per trap. Trap effectiveness may also be increased with the addition of plant volatiles which act as synergists of grandlure. Potential opportunities to improve the usefulness of boll weevil pheromone traps in boll weevil management are discussed.