The early stages of cotton spinning process are designed to enhance fiber uniformity and degree of orientation in addition to removing trashes and foreign matters for the production of yarn. Unfortunately, these processes also damage the fibers during the processing and lower the quality of the fibers. While the qualities of the resulting yarns, fabrics, and garments are adversely affected by various processing conditions, the extent of the damage has not been well quantified by scientific means. This research was designed to elucidate the effects of ginning and carding processes on the yarn quality by applying two ginning rates, two lint cleaner systems, and two carding rates. Tensile properties of fibers and spun yarns produced under the different processing conditions were measured and analyzed by single factor and multifactor analyses. As the ginning rate increased, fiber breaking strengths for both STV 747 and DPL 33B cottons were shown to have improved. For DPL 33B cotton, the breaking strengths of the yarn were shown to be high when processed with one lint cleaner and under low carding rate. In addition, the ginning rate was also an insignificant factor. Only the number of lint cleaners affected the breaking elongation of the yarns.