A survey of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii, Glover) populations in three different regions of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP) in Mississippi was conducted in the summer of 2001. Because eradication efforts were begun at different times, each region was in a different year of BWEP. The North Delta was involved in the third year, while the South Delta and Hills were in the fourth and fifth years, respectively. Boll weevil populations were at an all time low throughout the state in 2001, and no treatments of ULV malathion were required to control boll weevils on any of the survey fields before July 1. Counting early season treatments that growers applied to control pests other than boll weevils or aphids, fields in the Hills, North Delta, and South Delta received a total of 1.5, 2.5, and 0.5 non-aphicide sprays, respectively, by July 1. Aphid populations also were unusually low in 2001. No aphid treatments were applied to any of the survey fields. Highest aphid populations were observed in the Hill region, peaking at an average of 16.8 aphids per leaf, which is well below the economic threshold. Aphid populations in the North and South Delta were lower, with populations peaking at 10.2 and 9.5 aphids per leaf, respectively. This low aphid population is partially attributed to the absence of early season boll weevil sprays. Results of past surveys have illustrated a distinct flaring of aphid populations in BWEP areas receiving a high number of ULV malathion treatments before July 1.