Some years ago, Brazil used to be the biggest South American Cotton producer, meeting its domestic demands and creating a surplus aimed at exports. Since early 90's, various changes on Brazilian economical structure, problems related to crop pests and the famous 'boll weevil' attack resulted in insufficient production to meet the domestic consumption necessities. As a result, the imports of this raw material reached the amount of US$500 million in 1998. In 1991, an area of 1,877,500 ha was cultivated, resulting in a production of 716,800 ton of cotton fiber. From then on, the production suffered a continuous decreasing to a crop area of 668,500 ha and a production of 307,300 ton of cotton fiber. A large and successful effort is being carried out in Mato Grosso State, located in the Central West of Brazil intending to meet the domestic demands for cotton fibers and to generate, once again, a surplus for exports.