Cotton is the target of 28% of all pesticides used on crop and pastureland in Texas; herbicides make up 49% of the pesticide use in cotton. Our survey showed that 96% of the cotton acreage was treated with one or more herbicides even though 98% of the fields were cultivated (usually 3 or more times). Growers used 6.1 million pounds (ai) of herbicides on 5.2 million acres. Over 18 different herbicides were reported by growers but the market was dominated by six, which represented a diversity of herbicide chemistry. About two-thirds of the Texas cotton crop is grown under a recognized set of IPM practices; yet 12.1 million pounds of chemicals were still necessary for insect, weed, and harvest preparation in 1994.