Two cage tests were conducted in 1993 to determine the effect of an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riobravis, on the emergence of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), moths from the soil. Moth emergence was reduced 66% compared to the untreated control for at least 21 days following application of 200K nematodes per square yard to soil under seedling cotton on 13 May. A similar rate applied to soil under mature cotton on 12 July reduced the number of moths emerging over a 39 day period by 57% compared to the untreated control. In another study, application of the same rate of nematodes to areas of wild geranium (an early season host) reduced adult tobacco budworm emergence by 36% compared to untreated areas. A single application of a baculovirus from the celery looper (240 billion polyhedra/acre) to geranium reduced adult emergence by 56%. In this latter test, adult emergence was further reduced (73% less than control) when a whitening agent was added to the virus application.