Concerns over cottonseed value have increased in recent years. The contribution of seed to overall profitability of cotton production appears to have declined. Along with this has been a declining seed index. Small seeded varieties grown in 1992 showed a $10-12.00 per ton loss due to low oil content and therefore low seed grade. A total quality approach to cotton production demands greater attention to and respect for cottonseed in breeding, selection, and planting programs. The challenge is to select for higher seed index, and consequently more product yield, along with improvements in fiber quantity and quality.