Our collaborative research program is aimed at addressing the problem of how drought stress impacts on fiber and seed maturity in cotton. Since immature fibers have been identified as a cause for white specks in dyed yarn and cloth, we are interested in determining whether specific stages of fiber maturation are more sensitive to drought stress, resulting in higher percentages of immature fiber and seeds. Analysis of data for lint fiber from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, var. M-8) seed in open bolls after exposure to 25 days of sever drought (water withholding) revealed uniform immaturity of fiber based on measurements of circularity, cell wall area, and fiber mass. The lint fiber were at the early stage of secondary wall deposition at the time of exposure to severe drought. Data obtained with the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) are reported on distributions of single fiber area and circularity for seeds taken from different positions in the locule and fibers taken from different parts of the seed. These data, when combined with seed weight measurements, provided evidence that severe drought stress applied to plants with bolls at the beginning of fiber and seed maturation phase, significantly and uniformly impacts on fiber maturation and seed mass. This response was observed for drought stressed seeds from bolls in the first position of upper and lower branches. This is the first time that accurate measurements on fiber quality have been presented for individual fibers from single seeds. The advantage of our research is in helping solve one of the major problems producers face in obtaining uniform fiber and how adjustments to changes in environmental conditions can narrow differences in fiber quality and yield.