Effective collection of dust for gravimetric, physical, chemical, and microbiological analysis is an integral part of research on cotton dust relative to worker safety and health. The characteristics of the dust from a given cotton are influenced by (1) environmental and processing history of the cottons, (2) method of generation of the dust from the cotton, (3) method of collection, and (4) handling, weighing, and storage of collected dust. A sound dust sampling protocol, developed in consideration of these factors, is required for successful research. Aspects of these factors are discussed and illustrated by examples.