Studies of nutrient uptake and accumulation provide information on the total nutrient requirement and distribution patterns of dry matter and nutrients within the plant. This information is important in designing soil fertility programs to provide maximum economic yield with least environmental impact. This review indicates that nutrient accumulation varies with yield, cultural practices (especially irrigation), cultivars, and to some extent, fertilizer rates. There are several gaps in our understanding of nutrient uptake and accumulation in cotton with regard to secondary and micronutrients. Better understanding of nutrient uptake could play an important role in cultivar selection and refining cultural practices.