The Arealometer is an instrument developed by Dr. K.L. Hertel in the late 1940's and described in a paper by Hertel and Craven in 1951. It has been said that the Arealometer will measure fiber linear density (fineness) and specific surface with an accuracy obtained by no other method. The present paper is concerned with several methods of sample preparation, the measure of maturity, a comparison of some earlier cottons with those grown today, and a proposed high speed version of the Arealometer.