Kansas cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) farmers were reliant on information from Oklahoma for common agronomic practices, including optimum planting time. This study was initiated in 2000 to measure yield and quality response of cotton to different planting dates at two rainfed sites in Kansas. Cotton on the Kansas-Oklahoma border counties returned the greatest yields when planted April 27 to May 2. At the northern sites, cotton responded positively to a wider range of planting dates, from early May to mid June. The responses were similar to traditional Oklahoma planting date recommendations. Cotton planted from mid to late June produced fiber with discount level micronaire. Fiber length and strength were reduced as planting date was delayed at the location that was under severe temperature and moisture stress. South central Kansas cotton growers would realize greater yields and quality if their cotton is planted by May 10, where cotton growers in more northern and western regions of the state should plant from May 5 through early June.