The boll weevil eradication program in the United States began in 1983 to rid the Cotton Belt of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman.

To date, the boll weevil has been eradicated from over 5.0 million acres of cotton in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, most of Alabama, Middle Tennessee, Southern Rolling Plains of Texas, southern California, and Arizona, as well as from the neighboring regions of the Mexicali Valley, Sonoita, and Caborca in Mexico.

The program is currently operating in an additional 10.0 million acres of cotton in Mississippi, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. Further, the program is scheduled to expand in 2002 to include 0.6 million additional acres in northeast Arkansas and the Coastal Bend region of Texas. This will result in approximately 99% of the Cotton Belt being involved in boll weevil eradication, with 30% being weevil-free and the remaining 69% nearing eradication. Nationwide eradication is expected by 2005.

The remarkable environmental, biological, and economic benefits realized in the eradicated regions make boll weevil eradication one of the most important agricultural programs in history.