A study was conducted to quantify the interaction among host plant, cotton aphid, and a pyrethroid insecticide, cyhalothrin (Karate), on cotton aphid population growth potential. Aphids from Karate-treated and untreated field plots were reared on cotton leaf discs from Karate-treated and untreated plots. Data on survival and fecundity were generated at 25 °C. Life table statistics were derived and compared among treatments. The rate of population increase, measured as the net reproductive rate, was significantly increased when aphids were reared on K-treated leaf discs compared to the aphids reared on untreated leaf discs regardless of the prior exposure of aphids to Karate insecticide, indicating a possible trophobiotic role of Karate on aphid population outbreak.