This study evaluated the fiber quality and textile performance of ultra narrow row cotton (UNR) and conventionally (CONV) grown cottons in several regions of the Cotton Belt, during two different production seasons. Due to harvest method, UNR cotton had over three times the foreign matter of the CONV cotton entering the gin, significantly reducing lint turnout from 35 to 30 percent. However, with proper ginning, the marketing classifications, including foreign matter, were not statistically different. UNR cotton did receive barky calls at 4 of the 15 locations, compared to none for the CONV cotton. The largest majority of barky calls occurred when only one saw-type cleaner was used in 1999. Because the UNR cotton contained more fine trash, yarn-manufacturing wastes were higher. Lint cleaning and carding wastes increased about one percent in the UNR cotton. However, the effect on spinning performance, ends down, was not statistically different between production methods and varied between years. The data revealed no differences between yarn strength or evenness between CONV and UNR cotton. Although there was similar yarn quality, it came at the expense of higher wastes for UNR cotton.