Although cotton is a major crop in the southeastern Coastal Plain, only a relatively small percentage of it is planted using some form of conservation tillage. Because of the potential for insect pests to build up in crop residues, manipulation of cultural practices may be utilized to better manage species of pests and reduce dependence on traditional pest control methods, especially the use of broad-spectrum pesticides. This will increase grower profits, making conservation tillage more acceptable and in turn creating a cleaner environment and increasing the sustainability of our agricultural systems. The effect of conservation tillage on natural enemies of major insect pests of cotton was determined from 1997 through 1999 in Florence, SC. Treatments included rye/disk, rye/no-till, monocrop/disk, monocrop/no-till, corn/disk, and corn/no-till. The last two were rotated with corn during 1997 and 1999 and with cotton during 1998. Insect pests detected included thrips, tobacco budworms, cotton bollworms, soybean loopers, beet armyworms, fall armyworms, and cotton aphids. The most abundant predator was the red imported fire ant. The ants were more abundant in the rye/no-till treatment where no aldicarb was applied than in each of the other treatments. Other major predators included bigeyed bugs and lady beetles. More bigeyed bugs were observed in the disked treatments. More lady beetles occurred in the monocrop/disk treatments. In addition, hooded beetles, lacewings, spiders, and pirate bugs were detected. Conservation tillage can have an effect on population density of predaceous arthropods.