Soil functions refer to what the soil does in an ecosystem. Changes in these functions as a result of management are equated with changes in soil quality. The USDA soil quality test kit is a tool that farmers or land managers can use to measure change in soil quality. Long-term studies have shown that converting from conventional tillage to no-till cropping systems improves soil quality (soil functions). The objectives of this study were (1) to demonstrate the use of the kit for measuring relative change in soil quality, and (2) to evaluate the relative differences in soil quality between no-till and conventional tillage systems in continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A 10-year no-till field was compared to a conventionally tilled field for differences in soil quality. The soil type on both fields is the Memphis silt loam. Nine soil quality kit tests (aggregate stability, soil slaking, soil respiration, infiltration, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrates, bulk density, and water content) were measured. Aggregate stability, slake rating, bulk density, and soil pH measurements indicated better soil quality on the no-till field than on the conventionally tilled field. The no-till field had 70 % less predicted erosion and 60 % more carbon. This suggests that long-term no-till under continuous cotton maintains and improves soil quality over conventional tillage at this site. Adding cover crops to the no-till system would add additional biomass and enhance the soil quality benefits of no-tillage system. The soil quality test kit is a good on-farm tool that can be used to show trends in soil as a result of management.