Ultra-narrow row cotton production systems (e.g., rows spaced less than 20-inches apart) can lead to higher yield than with traditional row spacing. Cotton production was evaluated for three row spacing (7.5, 15, 30 and 40 in.) systems with seeding rates from 60 to 180-thousand seed per acre. Two experiments were grown under dryland conditions in 1999. One experiment examined the relationship between row spacing and plant density and was planted in Bell County, TX at the Blackland Research Center. The other study examined the relationship between variety and row spacing was planted at the Stiles Farm Foundation in Williamson County, TX. Lint yields averaged 937 and 1052 lbs/acre in Williamson Co. and Bell Co., respectively. Yields of ultra-narrow (7.5 and 15 inch rows) were 46 and 20 percent higher than 40-inch rows in Bell Co. In Williamson Co. ultra-narrow (15 and 19 were 20 and 10 percent higher than 38-inch rows. HVI and Uster-AFIS fiber properties were not affected by row spacing. Similarly, no differences were found between three varieties (DP425, DP 436, or DP5690) when grown under traditional or ultra-narrow row systems.