This study investigated conventional (CONV) and ultra narrow row (UNR) cotton grown in 6 areas across the Midsouth and Southeast and ginned on a common gin for fiber quality after ginning and subsequent textile mill processing evaluation. The following gin machines were used for the UNR cotton: Separator-dropper, feed control, dryer, cylinder cleaner, stick machine, dryer, cylinder cleaner, combination bur and stick (CBS) machine, cylinder cleaner, extractor-feeder and saw-type gin stand followed by one air-type and one saw-type lint cleaner. For the conventional cotton, the CBS machine was not used. Initial foreign matter averaged 7.74% and 19.67% for the conventional and UNR cottons, respectively. The marketing classifications, including foreign matter, were not statistically different. Ultra narrow cotton received barky calls on 3 of the 6 locations as compared to none for the conventional. Lint turnout differed dramatically for conventional and UNR cottons, and averaged 34.77 and 30.71%, respectively. About 190 more pounds of material were removed from the UNR cottons in order to produce a 500-lb. bale.