Occupational lung diseases can be caused by organic dusts during the processing of textile fibers such as cotton and cotton blends. Several studies of the health effects of these dusts have been presented at previous conferences. One major difficulty in trying to determine the cause of these diseases is the identification of the organic dust. Traditional microscopy techniques such as optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can identify the dust as respirable or not. However, they do not indicate what the dust is made of. Although NMR and IR can identify the chemical species, they require relatively large samples while a single respirable particle or fiber can cause the associated lung disease. This particle or fiber may not be representative of the bulk of the material. Thus a microscopic analysis tool is needed to identify the chemical composition of individual dust particles. This article describes the development of Raman microspectroscopy for the identification of organic dusts obtained from a flocking operation. Raman microspectroscopy provides both the optical resolution of a conventional optical microscope along with the analytical chemical specificity of IR. This technique will be described along with its benefits and limitations.