This presentation reports the progress of a joint project between Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) and Cotton Incorporated on the study of short fiber content of cotton and its measurement. Short fiber content has a significant effect on mill productivity and product quality. The textile industry has demanded a more accurate measurement of short fiber content. There are several instruments and methods currently available for fiber length measurement. Most of them can provide short fiber content or its estimator. These instruments include HVI (High Volume Instrument), AFIS (Advanced Fiber Information System), Peyer Almeter, and Suter-Webb Fiber Sorter. Sampling method, specimen preparation, testing principle, and calibration procedure are different among these instruments.