In a two-year, large-scale evaluation of the efficacy of Bollgard vs. conventionally-protected cotton under grower conditions in North Carolina, 115 Bollgard and 115 conventional cotton fields were evaluated for bollworm (Helicoverpa zea) (Boddie), European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis) (Hubner), fall armyworm (FAW),(Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) and stink bug, primarily Acrosternum hilare (Say) and Euschistis servus (Say) damage to bolls in 1996 and in 1997. In each field, a 100-boll sample was evaluated for damage from the above species. Conventional cotton fields were grown in close proximity to the Bollgard fields, and typically managed the same producer. Essentially all of the Bollgard fields were NuCOTN 33b in both years. For an indication of longer term historical damage from these pests, the 1996 and 1997 Bollgard vs. conventional damaged boll evaluations were compared to long-term damaged boll surveys taken in conventionally-protected cotton fields in North Carolina from 1985 through 1995. The sample size of these latter historical conventional fields ranged from 214 fields in 1985 to 297 cotton fields in 1996.