An economic analysis is conducted on two cotton textile aftertreatments designed for the coverage of neps while dyeing cotton fabrics in textile mills. Processes considered include aftertreatments which use either chitosan or cellulase enzymes. The benefits examined include the reduced rejection of fabrics, while the costs examined include the cost of the chitosan or enzyme, costs of associated chemicals, additional labor, and variable and fixed overhead costs. The estimated benefits and costs are considered in various scenarios to determine potential cost effectiveness. Results indicate that both aftertreatments are cost effective for textile mills to adopt at this time.