Arkansas leads all states in poultry production, with production historically being concentrated in the northwestern portion of the state. Use of poultry litter as a fertilizer in row crop production would encourage litter transport from the poultry growing regions to the Delta, thus reducing environmental problems in the northwest. A study was conducted at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center during 1996 and 1997 to determine the effectiveness of poultry litter as a nitrogen source for nonirrigated cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Suregrow 125) on a Sharkey silty clay soil. Treatments consisted of preplant incorporated applications of broiler litter and conventional liquid fertilizer. In 1996, 3.2 tons/acre of broiler litter was applied on May 23. Due to differences observed in 1996, 4.1 tons/acre of broiler litter was applied on May 13, 1997. Broiler litter-treated cotton produced significantly lower seedcotton yields in 1996, even though more nitrogen was applied as litter. In 1997, yields were equivalent to conventionally fertilized treatments. In contrast to other studies, equivalent nitrogen rates did not produce equivalent seedcotton yields in this study. The study will continue in 1998.