In 1992, the boll weevil invaded the Texas High Plains cotton production region for the 3rd time since it entered the United States 100 years earlier. This latest incursion has resulted in the spread of the boll weevil into all areas of the High Plains. The fall suppression program, which was initiated in 1964 to check the 1st boll weevil invasion, has been unable to stop this latest foray due to its enormity and the limited program funds available to address it. It is thought that five consecutive mild winters coupled with greatly expanded overwintering sites in the form of CRP grasses has been largely responsible for this latest boll weevil problem. In spite of increased funding obtained under the Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Foundation, the spread of the boll weevil across the area has at best been slowed. A pending decision by the Texas Supreme Court and the ongoing recall effort threaten the future of the present eradication effort in the High Plains of Texas. Cold winter weather or summer drought might dramatically suppress weevil numbers in a given year, however, the boll weevil has become a resident pest of the area.