The impacts of the heavy boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman) pressure of the 1995 growing season and the severe winter of 1995-96 on boll weevil populations during the 1996 growing season are discussed. Winter mortality was extensive enough to virtually eliminate the weevil as an economic consideration in the 1996 Missouri cotton crop. However, boll weevils were not effectively extirpated from Missouri by the cold weather, and populations resurged at the end of the season.