There are many above and below ground non pathogenic factors that influence stand establishment. Temperature is the most important. Others include soil pH, soil insecticides and herbicides, tillage, soil moisture, seed vigor, rain, hail, soil cursting, organic matter, salinity, compaction, pop-up fertilizers, fertilizer placement, wind, blowing sand and chemical sprays. Cotton can over come much adversity if soil and air temperatures are sufficient for good growth.