The number of inflammatory cells was studied in lung walls (LW) and airways (LL) after inhalation of endatoxin or beta,1-3 glucan. In the water unsoluble form, beta,1-3 glucan caused a delayed response in terms of decreased LW macrophages and lymphocytes 1-7 days after exposure but no invasion of neutrophils into the airways. When solublized in 0.02 N NAOH, the cell response was the same as after exposure to endotoxin.